10 Largest Earthquakes in The World's

                          10 Gempa Bumi Terbesar di Dunia

 

      1.      22 May 1960 – Chile - Magnitude 9.5

Gempa ini mengguncang Santiago dan Concepcion, menyebabkan terjadinya gelombang laut dan ledakan gunung api. Sekitar 4.485 orang tewas dan 2 juta orang kehilangan rumah melanda Chile selatan pada tahun 1960. Pelabuhan Puerto Saavedra hancur dihantam tsunami, yang menyebabkan kerusakan senilai $ 550 m dan membunuh 170 orang lebih di pantai Jepang dan Filipina  dengan hantaman gelombang tsunami setinggi 5 m. 2 hari kemudian Volcan Puyehue di Chile danau distrik memuntahkan abu 6.000 m ke udara dalam sebuah letusan yang berlangsung selama beberapa minggu.

The world's most powerful earthquake left 4,485 people dead and injured and 2 million homeless after it struck southern Chile in 1960. The port of Puerto Saavedra was destroyed in the ensuing tsunami, which caused $550m worth of damage in Chile and killed a further 170 people as five-metre waves hit the coasts of Japan and the Philippines. 2 day later Volcán Puyehue in Chile's lake district spewed ash 6,000m into the air in an eruption that lasted for several weeks.

      

2.      28 Maret 1964 – Prince William Sound, Alaska - Magnitude 9.2

Teluk Alaska hancur oleh gempa Prince William Sound yang menyebabkan tanah longsor di Anchorage dan mengangkat bagian-bagian pulau-pulau terpencil sebanyak 11 meter. Menyerang Alaska dan bagian barat Yukon Territory serta British Columbia di Kanada.

Tsunami yang dihasilkan mencapai ketinggian 67 m dan menyapu saluran masuk Valdez yang dangkal dan mengakibatkan banyak korban jiwa yaitu sebanyak 128 orang dan kerugian $ 311M. Perpindahan air besar terasa jauh ke pantai Teluk Louisiana serta tercatat pada alat pengukur pasang surut di Puerto Rico

The Gulf of Alaska was devastated by the Prince William Sound earthquake that caused landslides in Anchorage and raised parts of outlying islands by as much as 11 metres. The resulting tsunami reached heights of 67 metres as it swept into the shallow Valdez inlet and was responsible for most of the 128 deaths and $311m worth of damage. The massive water displacement was felt as far away as the Louisiana Gulf coast and registered on tidal gauges in Puerto Rico

3.      26 December 2004 – Off The West Coast Of Northern Sumatra - Magnitude 9.1

Ini adalah Tsunami yang paling mematikan dalam sejarah. Tsunami Aceh ini telah menghantam 14 negara di Asia dan Afrika timur. Semua ini dipicu oleh Gempa "megathrust" dimana lempeng tektonik India dipaksa menghunjam kebawah Burma Plate. Gempa & Tsunami Aceh ini adalah yang terdahsyat dengan perkiraan hampir 230.000 orang meninggal dunia. Banyak tubuh korban yang hilang, jumlah korban tewas akhirnya membutuhkan waktu satu bulan lebih untuk memverifikasi dan membersihkan mayat yang bergelimpangan dijalan atau tertumpuk dalam kubangan lumpur, kayu2, bekas rumah yang porak poranda akibat terjangan tsunami.

The deadliest tsunami in history was felt in 14 countries across Asia and east Africa, triggered by a "megathrust" as the Indian tectonic plate was forced beneath the Burmese plate. Indonesia was the worst affected with an estimated 170,000 of the nearly 230,000 dead. With many of the victims' bodies missing, the eventual death toll took a month to establish. Some the world's poorest communities lost more than 60% of their fishing and industrial infrastructure

4.      4 November 1952 – Kamchatka - Magnitude 9

pusat gempa berada di Semenanjung Rusia, tapi pulau-pulau Hawaii lah yang diterjang tsunami menyebabkan kerugian senilai $ 1 juta. Gelombang Tsunami menghajar pantai indah Hawaii, merobek perahu dari tambatannya di Pelabuhan Honolulu, mengangkat kapal tongkang semen sebelum membuangnya ke bawah pada sebuah kapal barang. Tidak ada kematian yang tercatat, kecuali 6 ekor sapi peternak Oahu, hilang.

The volcanic Russian peninsula was near the epicentre of the quake, but it was the Hawaiian islands that took the brunt of the tsunami that caused a million dollars' worth of damage as waves scoured the coasts, ripping boats from their moorings and, in Honolulu harbour, lifting a cement barge before throwing it down on to a freighter. No deaths were recorded, unless you count the six cows lost by one unfortunate Oahu farmer, who was left cursing an event that had occurred more than 3,000 miles away.

5.      13 August 1868 – Arica, Peru (now part of Chile) - Magnitude 9

Hawaii juga menjadi sasaran kekuatan tsunami yang diciptakan oleh gempa cekungan pasifik, tapi di sini kehancuran terbert itu menghantam Amerika Selatan dengan kota Arequipa hancur dan 25.000 tewas. Gempa itu dapat dirasakan jauh seperti di kota La Paz (Bolivia). 4 jam setelah gempa pertama, gelombang tsunami setinggi 16 m menggenangi pantai dan menyeret satu kapal perang AS sejauh 2 mil dari pantai untuk didamparkan di tepi tebing 60m.

Hawaii also felt the force of the tsunami created by this pacific basin earthquake, but here the destruction was just as heavy in South America with the city of Arequipa destroyed and 25,000 killed. The quake was felt as far away as La Paz in Bolivia. Four hours after the first shocks, waves as high as 16 metres inundated the coast and carried one US gunboat two miles inland to rest precariously on the edge of a 60m cliff

6.      26 January 1700 – North Pacific coast of America - Magnitude 9 (estimated)

Hanya satu, di Amerika Utara terjadi salah satu gempa bumi benua terbesar berasal dari sejarah lisan orang Amerika asli dekat Pulau Vancouver, yang menggambarkan bagaimana komunitas besar Teluk Pachena hancur karena diterjang gelombang besar. Di seberang pasifik, gempa tersebut secara akurat dicatat oleh pengamat Jepang telah terjadi tsunami besar yang melanda Jepang keesokan harinya pada tanggal 27 Januari 1700.

The only North American account of one of the continent's largest earthquakes comes from the oral history of native Americans near Vancouver island which describes how the large community of Pachena bay was wiped out by a huge wave. Across the pacific, the quake was accurately recorded by Japanese observers of the large tsunami that struck Japan on 27 January 1700. The power of that inundation has been used by historians and seismologists to pinpoint the magnitude of the Vancouver quake.

7.      27 February 2010 – off Bio-Bio, Chile - Magnitude 8.8

Wilayah sekitar Concepción telah dicatat sebagai pusat guncangan seismik sejak abad 16, tetapi hanya sedikit telah menghancurkan sebagai sebagai peringatan dini gempa telah terjadi sebuah Tsunami Pasifik yang luas dan menelan korban 521 orang. Dengan 12.000 orang cedera dan lebih dari 800.000 orang kehilangan tempat tinggal. Total kerugian gempa chile $ 30 milyar.

The region around Concepción has been recorded as a centre for seismic shocks since the 16th century, but few have been as devastating as the early morning quake that generated a Pacific-wide tsunami and cost the lives of 521 people. With a further 12,000 injured and more than 800,000 left homeless, Chile was left reeling at the scale of a disaster that would cost the nation $30bn by the end of 2010.

8.      13 January 1906 – Coast of Ecuador - Magnitude 8.8

Gempa berasal dari laut lepas Ekuador dan Kolombia, dan menghasilkan tsunami yang menewaskan antara 500 dan 1.500 orang di sepanjang garis pantai dari Amerika Tengah ke San Francisco. Ke barat di Hawaii, sungai tiba-tiba terkuras sekitar 12 jam setelah guncangan gempa pertama, kemudian tsunami dengan rangkaian gelombang yang dahsyat membanjiri pantai.

Emanating from the ocean off Ecuador and Colombia, the quake generated a tsunami that killed between 500 and 1,500 people along a coastline from Central America to San Francisco. To the west in Hawaii, rivers suddenly drained about 12 hours after the first shocks, then were submerged as a series of successively larger waves flooded the coast.

9.      1 November 1755 – Lisbon, Portugal - Magnitude 8.7

Gempa bumi ini membuat Kerusakan total kota Lisbon dan merenggut nyawa 1/4 dari total penduduk kota. Kemudian diikuti dengan kebakaran dan tsunami. Efeknya terasa sampai di Afrika utara, Perancis dan Italia utara.

The near-total destruction of Lisbon and the deaths of a quarter of the city's population were caused by an earthquake, followed by a tsunami and fire, that was felt in north Africa, France and northern Italy. In the age of enlightenment, the cultural impact of the quake spread even further afield as the horrors of Lisbon provided inspiration for sensationalist artworks and philosophical tracts. Voltaire penned a poem on the catastrophe and scientists found a wealth of written first-hand accounts to advance their understanding of the physical world.

10.  15 August 1950 – Assam, Tibet - Magnitude 8.6

7 desa lenyap seketika dalam rangkaian bencana yang dihasilkan oleh gempa bumi dengan pusat gempa di Tibet Rima. Tetapi tempat yang paling hancur adalah di negara bagian Assam India. Di seluruh kawasan, tanah longsor merenggut nyawa 1.526 orang. Gempa itu diikuti dengan banjir besar, dan 8 hari setelah gempa pertama, bendungan alami di sungai Subansiri meledak, menjebol dinding tujuh meter  dan mengairi desa-desa terdekat. Di dekat pusat gempa, saksi menyebutkan ada "suara ledakan" yang sepertinya datang dari ketinggian udara, sementara seismolog Inggris dan Norwegia mencatat "osilasi" di danau.

Seventy villages simply disappeared in the string of disasters generated by an earthquake with an epicentre in Tibetan Rima but which wrought most destruction in India's Assam state. Across the region, landslides claimed the lives of 1,526 people and rendered parts of the landscape unrecognisable from the air. The quake was followed by severe flooding, and eight days after the first tremors a natural dam on the Subansiri river burst, releasing a seven-metre wall of water against nearby villages. Near the epicentre of the quake, witnesses mentioned "explosive sounds" that seemed to come from high in the air, while seismologists as far away as England and Norway noted "oscillations" in lakes.